Credit loans are loans to the borrower's credit, the borrower does not need to provide security. Its characteristic is that the debtor does not need to provide collateral or the third party guarantee only by its own credibility can obtain loans, and to the extent of the borrower's credit as a guarantee of repayment. This kind of credit loan is the main loan way of Bank of China. Because of the risk of this kind of loan, it is generally to make a detailed study on the economic benefits of the borrower, the level of management, the development prospects, etc., in order to reduce the risk. Mainly applies to the industrial and commercial administrative organs approved the registration of enterprises, other economic organizations, individual industrial and commercial households, and in line with the "loan general rules" and the requirements of the bank.
Credit loans are loans to the borrower's credit, the borrower does not need to provide security. Its credit characteristics is that the debtor does not need to provide collateral or third party guarantees only with their own credibility can get a loan, and to the extent of the borrower's credit as a guarantee of repayment. The credit loan is the main loan way of the bank in China. Because of the risk of this kind of loan, it is generally to make a detailed study on the economic benefits of the borrower, the level of management, the development prospects, etc., in order to reduce the risk.
System arrangement
1 the object of credit loan
"Commercial bank law" clearly provides that the relationship is not to be issued credit. Only when the enterprise meets certain conditions to obtain the bank's credit loan. Payment of credit must be in line with the 6 conditions at the same time:
(1) the total amount of the loan shall not exceed the owner 's equity;
(2) the rate of assets and liabilities is less than 50%;
(3) the amount of the loan to the amount of the loan to reach 5 times more than the average daily deposits to maintain the amount of the loan amount of more than 10%;
(4) net cash flow and operating cash flow are greater than zero;
(5) no bad credit record;
(6) the tax risk is relatively small.
2 the elements of credit loans
(1) the determination of the amount of credit. One is from the amount of cash inflows to determine: the maximum balance is not greater than the total amount of the year 20%. Two is from the mortgage has been the value of real estate rights to determine: the maximum balance is not greater than the value of the real estate property rights of the bank has been the value of 30%— 40%. Three is from the enterprise's own financial situation to determine: the maximum balance of ≤ owner's equity a debt.
(2) the term of the credit loan. Credit loans can not be used in long-term loans, limited to short-term replenishment of the enterprise liquidity, generally within 6 months. On the new establishment of the credit relationship of the customer, in principle, not issuing credit. (3) the determination of the interest rate of credit. According to the principle of matching the risk and income, the interest rate of credit loan should be higher than the mortgage interest rate of mortgage or guarantee. General benchmark interest rate broke surface 20%— 30% master.
3 supporting arrangements for credit loans
(1) to grasp the purpose of the credit loan. The main purpose is to consolidate existing customers, develop potential customers, therefore, according to the different regions of the credit environment, credit level, competition level, enterprise quality and so on the selection of a number of outstanding customer credit loans, and enhance the adhesion of good customer and bank, and promote the adjustment and optimization of credit structure.
(2) to strengthen the risk warning mechanism for lending. Credit loans to the post loan management of higher requirements, should be on the basis of the traditional loan management, innovation and a suitable credit loan management model. Insist on quarterly inspection and investigation, pay close attention to the risk, such as industry risk, management risk, operation risk and so on. At the same time, grasp the loan enterprises focus on cash flow, in order to control the risk.
(3) the authority of a strict credit. Credit loans should be treated differently, according to local conditions, the regional credit environment is good, strict credit management, high quality of customer managers, business ability, excellent credit assets over the years, the quality of the branch offices and account manager to grant certain authority. At the same time, the establishment of risk responsibility accountability system, strengthen the constraints.
(4) the support of the government. Suggested that the government departments concerned further strengthen the construction of social credit, continue to resolutely crack down on evasion of bank debts and malicious arrears of principal and interest of the bank behavior, at the same time for banks to local government identified the key enterprises issuing credit loans given to certain risk compensation, in order to mobilize the enthusiasm of credit loan of bank loans, effectively solves the small and medium-sized enterprises to obtain bank loans difficult problem.